C++ tutorial provides basic
and advanced concepts of C++. Our C++ tutorial is designed for beginners
and professionals.
C++ is an object-oriented
programming language. It is an extension to C
programming.
Our C++ tutorial includes all topics
of C++ such as first example, control statements, objects and classes, heritance, constructor,
destructor, this, static, polymorphism,
abstraction, abstract class, interface,
namespace, encapsulation, arrays, strings, exception
handling, File IO, etc.
What
is C++
C++ is a special-purpose
programming language developed by Bjarne
Stroustrup at Bell Labs circa 1980. C++
language is very similar to C language, and it is so compatible
with C that it can run 99% of C programs without changing any source of code
though C++ is an object-oriented programming language, so it is safer and
well-structured programming language than C.
C++ is a middle-level
language, as it encapsulates both high and low level language features.
Object-Oriented Programming
(OOPs)
C++ supports the
object-oriented programming, the four major pillar of object-oriented
programming (OOPs) used in C++
are:
1. Inheritance
2. Polymorphism
3. Encapsulation
4. Abstraction
C++
Standard Libraries
Standard C++ programming
is divided into three important parts:
。The
core library includes the data types, variables and literals, etc.
。The
standard library includes the set of functions manipulating strings, files,
etc.
。The
Standard Template Library (STL) includes the set of methods manipulating
a data structure.
Usages
of C++
By the help of C++ programming
language, we can develop different types of secured and robust applications:
。Window application
。Client-Server application
。Device drivers
。Embedded firmware etc.
C++
Program
In this tutorial, all C++ programs
are given with C++ compiler so that you can easily change the C++ program code.
File: main.cpp
#include
<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Hello C++ Programming";
return 0;
}
C++
History
History
of C++ language is interesting to know. Here we are going to discuss brief
history of C++ language.
C++
programming language was developed in 1980 by Bjarne Stroustrup at bell
laboratories of AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph), located in
U.S.A.
Bjarne Stroustrup is known as
the founder of
C++ language.
It was develop for
adding a feature of OOP (Object Oriented
Programming) in C without
significantly changing the C component.
C++ programming is
“relative” (called a superset) of C, it means an valid C program is also a
valid C++ program.
Let’s see the
programming languages that were developed before C++ language.
|
Language |
Year |
Developed By |
|
Algol |
1960 |
International
Group |
|
BCPL |
1967 |
Martin Richard |
|
B |
1970 |
Ken Thompson |
|
Traditional C |
1972 |
Dennis Ritchie |
|
K & R C |
1978 |
Kernighan
& Dennis Ritchie |
|
C++ |
1980 |
Bjarne Stroustrup |
C++ Features
C++ is object oriented programming language.
It provides
a lot of features
that are given below.
1.
Simple
2.
Machine
Independent or Portable
3.
Mid-level programming language
4.
Structured
programming language
5.
Rich
Library
6.
Memory
Management
7.
Fast
Speed
8.
Pointers
9.
Recursion
10.
Extensible
11.
Object
Oriented
12.
Compiler
based
1)
Simple
C++ is a simple language in the
sense that it provides structured approach
(to break the problem into parts), rich set of library functions, data
types etc.
2)
Machine
Independent or Portable
Unlike assembly language, c programs can be executed in many machines
with little bit or no change. But it is not platform-independent.
3)
Mid-level programming language
C++ is also used to do low level programming.
It is used to develop system applications such as kernel, driver
etc. It also supports the feature
of high level language. That is why it is known as mid-level language.
4)
Structured programming language
C++
is a structured programming language in the sense that we can break the
program into parts using functions.
So, it is easy to understand and
modify.
5)
Rich
Library
C++ provides a lot of inbuilt
functions that makes the development fast.
6)
Memory
Management
It supports the feature of dynamic
memory allocation. In C++ language, we can free the allocated memory at any
time by calling the free() function.
7)
Speed
The compilation and execution time of C++ language is fast.
8)
Pointer
C++ provides the feature of pointers.
We can directly interact with the memory by using the pointers. We can use
pointers. We can use pointers for memory, structures, functions, array etc.
9)
Recursion
In C++,
we can call the function within the function. It provides code
reusability for every function.
10) Extensible
C++ language is extensible because it can easily
adopt new features.
11) Object
Oriented
C++ is object oriented programming language. OOPs makes development and maintenance easier where as in Procedure-oriented programming language it is not easy to manage if code grows as project size grows.
12) Compiler based
C++ is
a compiler based programming
language, it means without compilation no C++
program can be executed. First we
need to compile our program using compiler and
then we can execute our program.